Ambrisentan
Generic Name: ambrisentan
Brand Names:
Ambrisentan
11 DESCRIPTION Ambrisentan, is an endothelin receptor antagonist. The chemical name of ambrisentan is (+)-(2 S )-2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid. It has a molecular formula of C 22 H 22 N 2 O 4 and a molecular weight of 378.42 g/mol and has the following structural formula: Figure 1 Ambrisentan Structural Formula Ambrisentan is a white to yellow powder. It is a carboxylic acid with a pKa of 4.0.
Overview
11 DESCRIPTION Ambrisentan, is an endothelin receptor antagonist. The chemical name of ambrisentan is (+)-(2 S )-2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid. It has a molecular formula of C 22 H 22 N 2 O 4 and a molecular weight of 378.42 g/mol and has the following structural formula: Figure 1 Ambrisentan Structural Formula Ambrisentan is a white to yellow powder. It is a carboxylic acid with a pKa of 4.0.
Uses
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ambrisentan tablets are indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1) in adult patients: To improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominantly patients with WHO Functional Class II–III symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (60%) or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (34%). Ambrisentan tablets are an endothelin receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1) in adult patients: To improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening.
Dosage
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Initiate treatment at 5 mg once daily ( 2.1 ). Titrate at 4-week intervals as needed and tolerated ( 2.1 ). Do not split, crush, or chew tablets ( 2.1 ). 2.1 Adult Dosage Initiate treatment at 5 mg once daily. At 4-week intervals, the dose of ambrisentan can be increased, as needed and tolerated, to ambrisentan 10 mg. Do not split, crush, or chew tablets. 2.2 Pregnancy Testing in Females of Reproductive Potential Exclude pregnancy before initiating treatment with ambrisentan tablets in females of reproductive potential [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].
Side Effects
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Clinically significant adverse reactions that appear in other sections of the labeling include: Embryo-fetal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] Fluid Retention [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Pulmonary Edema with PVOD [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Decreased Sperm Count [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Hematologic Changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Most common adverse reactions (>3% compared to placebo) are peripheral edema, nasal congestion, sinusitis, and flushing ( 6.1 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Apotex Corp . at 1-800-706-5575 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Multiple dose coadministration of ambrisentan and cyclosporine resulted in an approximately 2 fold increase in ambrisentan exposure in healthy volunteers; therefore, limit the dose of ambrisentan to 5 mg once daily when coadministered with cyclosporine [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Cyclosporine increases ambrisentan exposure; limit ambrisentan dose to 5 mg once daily ( 7 ).
Warnings
WARNING: EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY Ambrisentan tablets are contraindicat ed for use during pregnancy because it may cause major birth defects if used by pregnant patients, based on studies in animals [see Contraindications (4.1), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Therefore, for females of reproductive potential, exclude pregnancy before the initiation of treatment must use acceptable methods of contraception during treatment with ambrisentan tablets. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Fluid retention may require intervention ( 5.2 ). If patients develop acute pulmonary edema during initiation of therapy with ambrisentan tablets, consider underlying pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and discontinue treatment if necessary ( 5.3 ). Decreases in sperm count have been observed in patients taking endothelin receptor antagonists ( 5.4 ). Decreases in hemoglobin have been observed within the first few weeks; measure hemoglobin at initiation, at 1 month, and periodically thereafter ( 5.5 ). 5.1 Embryo-fetal Toxicity Based on data from animal reproduction studies, ambrisentan tablets may cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy and is contraindicated during pregnancy. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Pregnancy ( 4.1 ) Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ( 4.2 ) 4.1 Pregnancy Ambrisentan tablets may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female. Ambrisentan tablets are contraindicated in females who are pregnant. Ambrisentan was consistently shown to have teratogenic effects when administered to animals.
Pregnancy
4.1 Pregnancy Ambrisentan tablets may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female. Ambrisentan tablets are contraindicated in females who are pregnant. Ambrisentan was consistently shown to have teratogenic effects when administered to animals. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Storage
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature] . Store ambrisentan tablets in its original packaging. Dispense in a tight container [see USP].
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Ambrisentan used for?▼
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ambrisentan tablets are indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1) in adult patients: To improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominantly patients with WHO Functional Class II–III symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (60%) or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (34%). Ambrisentan tablets are an endothelin receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1) in adult patients: To improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening.
What are the side effects of Ambrisentan?▼
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Clinically significant adverse reactions that appear in other sections of the labeling include: Embryo-fetal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] Fluid Retention [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Pulmonary Edema with PVOD [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Decreased Sperm Count [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Hematologic Changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Most common adverse reactions (>3% compared to placebo) are peripheral edema, nasal congestion, sinusitis, and flushing ( 6.1 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Apotex Corp . at 1-800-706-5575 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Can I take Ambrisentan during pregnancy?▼
4.1 Pregnancy Ambrisentan tablets may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female. Ambrisentan tablets are contraindicated in females who are pregnant. Ambrisentan was consistently shown to have teratogenic effects when administered to animals. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
What are the important warnings for Ambrisentan?▼
WARNING: EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY Ambrisentan tablets are contraindicat ed for use during pregnancy because it may cause major birth defects if used by pregnant patients, based on studies in animals [see Contraindications (4.1), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Therefore, for females of reproductive potential, exclude pregnancy before the initiation of treatment must use acceptable methods of contraception during treatment with ambrisentan tablets. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Fluid retention may require intervention ( 5.2 ). If patients develop acute pulmonary edema during initiation of therapy with ambrisentan tablets, consider underlying pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and discontinue treatment if necessary ( 5.3 ). Decreases in sperm count have been observed in patients taking endothelin receptor antagonists ( 5.4 ). Decreases in hemoglobin have been observed within the first few weeks; measure hemoglobin at initiation, at 1 month, and periodically thereafter ( 5.5 ). 5.1 Embryo-fetal Toxicity Based on data from animal reproduction studies, ambrisentan tablets may cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy and is contraindicated during pregnancy. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Pregnancy ( 4.1 ) Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ( 4.2 ) 4.1 Pregnancy Ambrisentan tablets may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female. Ambrisentan tablets are contraindicated in females who are pregnant. Ambrisentan was consistently shown to have teratogenic effects when administered to animals.
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Medical Disclaimer
This drug information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Drug information is sourced from the FDA National Drug Code Directory and Structured Product Labeling. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.