Aprepitant
Generic Name: aprepitant
Brand Names:
Aprepitant
11 DESCRIPTION Aprepitant Capsules USP contain the active ingredient aprepitant, USP. Aprepitant, USP is a substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK 1 ) receptor antagonist, an antiemetic agent, chemically described as 5-[[(2 R ,3 S )-2-[(1 R )-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-morpholinyl]methyl]-1,2-dihydro-3 H -1,2,4-triazol-3-one.
Overview
11 DESCRIPTION Aprepitant Capsules USP contain the active ingredient aprepitant, USP. Aprepitant, USP is a substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK 1 ) receptor antagonist, an antiemetic agent, chemically described as 5-[[(2 R ,3 S )-2-[(1 R )-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-morpholinyl]methyl]-1,2-dihydro-3 H -1,2,4-triazol-3-one.
Uses
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Aprepitant is a substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK 1 ) receptor antagonist. Aprepitant capsules are indicated • in combination with other antiemetic agents, in patients 12 years of age and older for prevention of: • acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (HEC) including high-dose cisplatin ( 1.1 ) o nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (MEC) ( 1.1 ) • for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in adults ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use : ( 1.3 ) • Aprepitant has not been studied for treatment of established nausea and vomiting. • Chronic continuous administration of aprepitant is not recommended.
Dosage
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) ( 2.1 ) • Aprepitant capsules in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older: is 125 mg on Day 1 and 80 mg on Days 2 and 3. • Administer aprepitant 1 hour prior to chemotherapy on Days 1, 2, and 3. If no chemotherapy is given on Days 2 and 3, administer aprepitant in morning. • See Full Prescribing Information for recommended dosages of concomitant dexamethasone and 5-HT 3 antagonist for HEC and MEC. Prevention of PONV ( 2.2 ) • Adults: 40 mg aprepitant capsules within 3 hours prior to induction of anesthesia. Administration ( 2.4 ) • Aprepitant capsules can be administered with or without food. • Swallow aprepitant capsules whole.
Side Effects
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions are ( 6.1 ): Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) • Adults (≥3%): fatigue, diarrhea, asthenia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, hiccups, white blood cell count decreased, dehydration, and alanine aminotransferase increased. • Pediatrics (≥3%): neutropenia, headache, diarrhea, decreased appetite, cough, fatigue, hemoglobin decreased, dizziness, and hiccups. PONV • Adults (≥3%): constipation and hypotension. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA at 1 (888) 721-7115 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS See Full Prescribing Information for a list of clinically significant drug interactions. ( 4 , 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 , 7.1 , 7.2 ) 7.1 Effect of Aprepitant on the Pharmacokinetics of Other Drugs Aprepitant is a substrate, a weak-to-moderate (dose-dependent) inhibitor, and an inducer of CYP3A4. Aprepitant is also an inducer of CYP2C9 [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . Aprepitant acts as a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4 when administered as a 3-day regimen (125 mg/80 mg/80 mg) and can increase plasma concentrations of concomitant drugs that are substrates for CYP3A4. Aprepitant acts as a weak inhibitor when administered as a single 40 mg dose and has not been shown to alter the plasma concentrations of concomitant drugs that are primarily metabolized through CYP3A4.
Warnings
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • CYP3A4 Interactions : Aprepitant is a substrate, weak-to-moderate inhibitor and inducer of CYP3A4; See Full Prescribing Information for recommendations regarding contraindications, risk of adverse reactions, and dosage adjustments of aprepitant and concomitant drugs. ( 4 , 5.1 , 7.1 , 7.2 ) • Warfarin (a CYP2C9 substrate) : Risk of decreased INR of prothrombin time; monitor INR in 2-week period, particularly at 7 to 10 days, following initiation of aprepitant. ( 5.2 , 7.1 ) • Hormonal Contraceptives : Efficacy of contraceptives may be reduced during administration of and for 28 days following the last dose of aprepitant. Use effective alternative or back-up methods of contraception. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Aprepitant is contraindicated in patients: • who are hypersensitive to any component of the product. Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic reactions have been reported [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )] . • taking pimozide.
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are insufficient data on use of aprepitant in pregnant women to inform a drug associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed in rats or rabbits exposed during the period of organogenesis to systemic drug levels (AUC) approximately 1.5 times the adult human exposure at the 125 mg/80 mg/80 mg aprepitant regimen [see Data] . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. In the U.S.
Storage
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Aprepitant Capsules USP, 125 mg: hard gelatin capsules with a pink opaque colored cap imprinted with a Glenmark logo 'G' in black ink and a white opaque colored body imprinted with '585' in black ink.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Aprepitant used for?▼
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Aprepitant is a substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK 1 ) receptor antagonist. Aprepitant capsules are indicated • in combination with other antiemetic agents, in patients 12 years of age and older for prevention of: • acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (HEC) including high-dose cisplatin ( 1.1 ) o nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (MEC) ( 1.1 ) • for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in adults ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use : ( 1.3 ) • Aprepitant has not been studied for treatment of established nausea and vomiting. • Chronic continuous administration of aprepitant is not recommended.
What are the side effects of Aprepitant?▼
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions are ( 6.1 ): Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) • Adults (≥3%): fatigue, diarrhea, asthenia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, hiccups, white blood cell count decreased, dehydration, and alanine aminotransferase increased. • Pediatrics (≥3%): neutropenia, headache, diarrhea, decreased appetite, cough, fatigue, hemoglobin decreased, dizziness, and hiccups. PONV • Adults (≥3%): constipation and hypotension. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA at 1 (888) 721-7115 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Can I take Aprepitant during pregnancy?▼
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are insufficient data on use of aprepitant in pregnant women to inform a drug associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed in rats or rabbits exposed during the period of organogenesis to systemic drug levels (AUC) approximately 1.5 times the adult human exposure at the 125 mg/80 mg/80 mg aprepitant regimen [see Data] . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. In the U.S.
What are the important warnings for Aprepitant?▼
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • CYP3A4 Interactions : Aprepitant is a substrate, weak-to-moderate inhibitor and inducer of CYP3A4; See Full Prescribing Information for recommendations regarding contraindications, risk of adverse reactions, and dosage adjustments of aprepitant and concomitant drugs. ( 4 , 5.1 , 7.1 , 7.2 ) • Warfarin (a CYP2C9 substrate) : Risk of decreased INR of prothrombin time; monitor INR in 2-week period, particularly at 7 to 10 days, following initiation of aprepitant. ( 5.2 , 7.1 ) • Hormonal Contraceptives : Efficacy of contraceptives may be reduced during administration of and for 28 days following the last dose of aprepitant. Use effective alternative or back-up methods of contraception. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Aprepitant is contraindicated in patients: • who are hypersensitive to any component of the product. Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic reactions have been reported [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )] . • taking pimozide.
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Medical Disclaimer
This drug information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Drug information is sourced from the FDA National Drug Code Directory and Structured Product Labeling. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.