Enalapril
Generic Name: enalapril
Brand Names:
Enalapril Maleate
11 DESCRIPTION Enalapril maleate oral solution is the maleate salt of enalapril, the ethyl ester prodrug of a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat. Enalapril maleate is chemically described as (S)-1-[N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-L-proline, (Z)-2-butenedioate salt (1:1).
Overview
11 DESCRIPTION Enalapril maleate oral solution is the maleate salt of enalapril, the ethyl ester prodrug of a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat. Enalapril maleate is chemically described as (S)-1-[N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-L-proline, (Z)-2-butenedioate salt (1:1).
Uses
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Enalapril maleate oral solution is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor indicated for: treatment of hypertension in adults and children older than one month, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions (1.1) . treatment of symptomatic heart failure (1.2) . treatment of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, to decrease the rate of development of overt heart failure and reduce hospitalization for heart failure (1.3) . 1.1 Hypertension Enalapril maleate oral solution is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure in adults and children older than one month [see Pediatric Use (8.4) and Clinical Studies (14) ] .
Dosage
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Hypertension Adult: recommended initial dose is 5 mg once daily. Maximum dose is 40 mg daily (2.1) . Pediatrics: recommended starting dose is 0.08 mg/kg (up to 5 mg) once daily (2.1) . Heart Failure: Initiate at 2.5 mg twice daily. Titrate up to 20 mg twice daily as tolerated (2.2) . Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Initiate at 2.5 mg twice daily. Titrate up to 10 mg twice daily (2.3) . Enalapril maleate oral solution is a ready-to-use solution intended for oral use only. 2.1 Hypertension Adults : The recommended initial dose in adults is 5 mg taken orally once a day. Titrate upward to maximum of 40 mg daily as needed to help achieve blood pressure goals.
Side Effects
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are described elsewhere: Angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Hepatic failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Hyperkalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] The most common adverse reaction for patients treated for hypertension (≥3%) was fatigue (6.1) . The most common adverse reactions for patients treated for heart failure (>6%) were hypotension and dizziness (6.1) . To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amneal Pharmaceuticals at 1-877-835-5472 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (as on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, use with NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, may result in deterioration of renal function, including renal failure. Monitor renal function periodically (7.1) . Dual inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system: Increased risk of renal impairment, hypotension and hyperkalemia (7.2) . Avoid potassium sparing agents in patients with heart failure (7.3) . Monitor serum lithium levels frequently (7.4) .
Warnings
WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY When pregnancy is detected, discontinue enalapril maleate oral solution as soon as possible [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Angioedema and Anaphylactoid Reactions (5.2) . Impaired Renal Function: Assess renal function (5.5) . Hyperkalemia (5.6) . 5.1 Fetal Toxicity Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue enalapril maleate oral solution as soon as possible [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Enalapril maleate oral solution is contraindicated in patients with: a history of angioedema or hypersensitivity related to previous treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . hereditary or idiopathic angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] .
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Enalapril maleate oral solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Most epidemiologic studies examining fetal abnormalities after exposure to antihypertensive use in the first trimester have not distinguished drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system from other antihypertensive agents.
Storage
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Enalapril maleate oral solution is a ready-to-use solution that contains 1 mg/mL of enalapril maleate. It is a clear, colorless oral solution with a mixed berry flavor, packaged in a 150 mL, white, round, high-density polyethylene bottle with a child-resistant cap and tamper-evident seal. Each bottle contains 150 mL.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Enalapril used for?▼
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Enalapril maleate oral solution is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor indicated for: treatment of hypertension in adults and children older than one month, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions (1.1) . treatment of symptomatic heart failure (1.2) . treatment of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, to decrease the rate of development of overt heart failure and reduce hospitalization for heart failure (1.3) . 1.1 Hypertension Enalapril maleate oral solution is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure in adults and children older than one month [see Pediatric Use (8.4) and Clinical Studies (14) ] .
What are the side effects of Enalapril?▼
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are described elsewhere: Angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Hepatic failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Hyperkalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] The most common adverse reaction for patients treated for hypertension (≥3%) was fatigue (6.1) . The most common adverse reactions for patients treated for heart failure (>6%) were hypotension and dizziness (6.1) . To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amneal Pharmaceuticals at 1-877-835-5472 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Can I take Enalapril during pregnancy?▼
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Enalapril maleate oral solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Most epidemiologic studies examining fetal abnormalities after exposure to antihypertensive use in the first trimester have not distinguished drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system from other antihypertensive agents.
What are the important warnings for Enalapril?▼
WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY When pregnancy is detected, discontinue enalapril maleate oral solution as soon as possible [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Angioedema and Anaphylactoid Reactions (5.2) . Impaired Renal Function: Assess renal function (5.5) . Hyperkalemia (5.6) . 5.1 Fetal Toxicity Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue enalapril maleate oral solution as soon as possible [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Enalapril maleate oral solution is contraindicated in patients with: a history of angioedema or hypersensitivity related to previous treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . hereditary or idiopathic angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] .
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Medical Disclaimer
This drug information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Drug information is sourced from the FDA National Drug Code Directory and Structured Product Labeling. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.