Esketamine Hydrochloride
Generic Name: esketamine hydrochloride
Brand Names:
Spravato
11 DESCRIPTION SPRAVATO ® contains esketamine hydrochloride, a non-competitive N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Esketamine is the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine. The chemical name is (S) -2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone hydrochloride. Its molecular formula is C 13 H 16 ClNO.HCl and its molecular weight is 274.2.
Overview
11 DESCRIPTION SPRAVATO ® contains esketamine hydrochloride, a non-competitive N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Esketamine is the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine. The chemical name is (S) -2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone hydrochloride. Its molecular formula is C 13 H 16 ClNO.HCl and its molecular weight is 274.2.
Uses
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE SPRAVATO is indicated for the treatment of: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults as monotherapy or in conjunction with an oral antidepressant Depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) with acute suicidal ideation or behavior in conjunction with an oral antidepressant SPRAVATO is a non-competitive N -methyl D -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults, as monotherapy or in conjunction with an oral antidepressant. ( 1 ) Depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) with acute suicidal ideation or behavior in conjunction with an oral antidepressant.
Dosage
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administer SPRAVATO intranasally under the supervision of a healthcare provider. ( 2.1 ) Assess blood pressure prior to and after administration. ( 2.1 ) TRD: Evidence of therapeutic benefit should be evaluated at the end of the 4-week induction phase to determine need for continued treatment. ( 2.2 ) Depressive symptoms in MDD with acute suicidal ideation or behavior : Evidence of therapeutic benefit should be evaluated after 4 weeks to determine need for continued treatment. Treatment beyond 4 weeks has not been systematically evaluated. ( 2.3 ) See Full Prescribing Information for recommended dosage. ( 2.2 , 2.3 ) See Full Prescribing Information for important administration instructions.
Side Effects
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Sedation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Dissociation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Respiratory Depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Increase in Blood Pressure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Cognitive Impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Impaired Ability to Drive and Operate Machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Ulcerative or Interstitial Cystitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Embryo-fetal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] The most commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and at least twice that of placebo): TRD: dissociation, dizziness, nausea, sedation, vertigo, hypoesthesia, anxiety, le...
Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS 7.1 Central Nervous System Depressants Concomitant use with CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol) may increase sedation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Closely monitor for sedation with concomitant use of SPRAVATO with CNS depressants. 7.2 Psychostimulants Concomitant use with psychostimulants (e.g., amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, armodafinil) may increase blood pressure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . Closely monitor blood pressure with concomitant use of SPRAVATO with psychostimulants. 7.3 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Concomitant use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may increase blood pressure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] .
Warnings
WARNING: SEDATION; DISSOCIATION; RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ABUSE AND MISUSE; and SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS WARNING: SEDATION; DISSOCIATION; RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ABUSE AND MISUSE; and SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Risk for sedation, dissociation, and respiratory depression after administration. Monitor patients for at least two hours after administration. ( 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 ) Potential for abuse and misuse. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Increases in Blood Pressure: Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions and risk factors may be at an increased risk of associated adverse effects. ( 5.7 ) Cognitive Impairment: SPRAVATO may impair attention, judgment, thinking, reaction speed and motor skills. ( 5.8 ) Impaired Ability to Drive and Operate Machinery: Do not drive or operate machinery until the next day after a restful sleep. ( 5.9 ) Embryo-fetal Toxicity: May cause fetal harm. Consider pregnancy planning and prevention in females of reproductive potential. ( 5.11 , 8.1 , 8.3 ) 5.1 Sedation SPRAVATO may cause sedation or loss of consciousness. In some cases, patients may display diminished or less apparent breathing. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS SPRAVATO is contraindicated in patients with: Aneurysmal vascular disease (including thoracic and abdominal aorta, intracranial, and peripheral arterial vessels) or arteriovenous malformation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] History of intracerebral hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Hypersensitivity to esketamine, ketamine, or any of the excipients.
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to antidepressants, including SPRAVATO, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by contacting the National Pregnancy Registry for Antidepressants at 1-844-405-6185 or online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/antidepressants/ . Risk Summary SPRAVATO is not recommended during pregnancy.
Storage
Storage Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted from 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature] .
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Esketamine Hydrochloride used for?▼
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE SPRAVATO is indicated for the treatment of: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults as monotherapy or in conjunction with an oral antidepressant Depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) with acute suicidal ideation or behavior in conjunction with an oral antidepressant SPRAVATO is a non-competitive N -methyl D -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults, as monotherapy or in conjunction with an oral antidepressant. ( 1 ) Depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) with acute suicidal ideation or behavior in conjunction with an oral antidepressant.
What are the side effects of Esketamine Hydrochloride?▼
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Sedation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Dissociation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Respiratory Depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Increase in Blood Pressure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Cognitive Impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Impaired Ability to Drive and Operate Machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Ulcerative or Interstitial Cystitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Embryo-fetal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] The most commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and at least twice that of placebo): TRD: dissociation, dizziness, nausea, sedation, vertigo, hypoesthesia, anxiety, le...
Can I take Esketamine Hydrochloride during pregnancy?▼
8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to antidepressants, including SPRAVATO, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by contacting the National Pregnancy Registry for Antidepressants at 1-844-405-6185 or online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/antidepressants/ . Risk Summary SPRAVATO is not recommended during pregnancy.
What are the important warnings for Esketamine Hydrochloride?▼
WARNING: SEDATION; DISSOCIATION; RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ABUSE AND MISUSE; and SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS WARNING: SEDATION; DISSOCIATION; RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ABUSE AND MISUSE; and SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Risk for sedation, dissociation, and respiratory depression after administration. Monitor patients for at least two hours after administration. ( 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 ) Potential for abuse and misuse. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Increases in Blood Pressure: Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions and risk factors may be at an increased risk of associated adverse effects. ( 5.7 ) Cognitive Impairment: SPRAVATO may impair attention, judgment, thinking, reaction speed and motor skills. ( 5.8 ) Impaired Ability to Drive and Operate Machinery: Do not drive or operate machinery until the next day after a restful sleep. ( 5.9 ) Embryo-fetal Toxicity: May cause fetal harm. Consider pregnancy planning and prevention in females of reproductive potential. ( 5.11 , 8.1 , 8.3 ) 5.1 Sedation SPRAVATO may cause sedation or loss of consciousness. In some cases, patients may display diminished or less apparent breathing. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS SPRAVATO is contraindicated in patients with: Aneurysmal vascular disease (including thoracic and abdominal aorta, intracranial, and peripheral arterial vessels) or arteriovenous malformation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] History of intracerebral hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Hypersensitivity to esketamine, ketamine, or any of the excipients.
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Medical Disclaimer
This drug information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Drug information is sourced from the FDA National Drug Code Directory and Structured Product Labeling. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.