Irbesartan
Generic Name: irbesartan
Brand Names:
Avapro
11 DESCRIPTION AVAPRO (irbesartan) is an angiotensin II receptor (AT 1 subtype) antagonist. Irbesartan is a non-peptide compound, chemically described as a 2-butyl-3-[ p -( o -1 H -tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-4-one. Its empirical formula is C 25 H 28 N 6 O, and the structural formula: Irbesartan is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 428.5. It is a nonpolar compound with a partition coefficient (octanol/water) of 10.1 at pH of 7.4.
Overview
11 DESCRIPTION AVAPRO (irbesartan) is an angiotensin II receptor (AT 1 subtype) antagonist. Irbesartan is a non-peptide compound, chemically described as a 2-butyl-3-[ p -( o -1 H -tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-4-one. Its empirical formula is C 25 H 28 N 6 O, and the structural formula: Irbesartan is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 428.5. It is a nonpolar compound with a partition coefficient (octanol/water) of 10.1 at pH of 7.4.
Uses
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE AVAPRO is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) indicated for: Treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. ( 1.1 ) Treatment of diabetic nephropathy in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, an elevated serum creatinine, and proteinuria. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Hypertension AVAPRO ® is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular (CV) events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarction. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug.
Dosage
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Indication Dose Hypertension ( 2.2 ) 150 to 300 mg once daily Diabetic Nephropathy ( 2.3 ) 300 mg once daily 2.1 General Considerations AVAPRO may be administered with other antihypertensive agents and with or without food. 2.2 Hypertension The recommended initial dose of AVAPRO is 150 mg once daily. The dosage can be increased to a maximum dose of 300 mg once daily as needed to control blood pressure [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . 2.3 Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients The recommended dose is 300 mg once daily [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] .
Side Effects
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following important adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Hypotension in Volume or Salt-Depleted Patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Impaired Renal Function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: The most common adverse reactions which were more frequent than placebo were hyperkalemia dizziness, orthostatic dizziness, and orthostatic hypotension. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC at 1-800-633-1610 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Lithium: Risk of lithium toxicity. ( 7 ) Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and COX-2 inhibitors: Increased risk of renal impairment. Reduced antihypertensive effects. ( 7 ) Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system: Increased risk of renal impairment, hypotension, and hyperkalemia. ( 7 ) 7.1 Agents Increasing Serum Potassium Coadministration of AVAPRO with other drugs that raise serum potassium levels may result in hyperkalemia, sometimes severe. Monitor serum potassium in such patients. 7.2 Lithium Increases in serum lithium concentrations and lithium toxicity have been reported with concomitant use of irbesartan and lithium. Monitor lithium levels in patients receiving irbesartan and lithium.
Warnings
WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY When pregnancy is detected, discontinue AVAPRO as soon as possible [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypotension: Correct volume or salt depletion prior to administration. ( 5.2 ) Monitor renal function and serum potassium. ( 5.3 ) 5.1 Fetal Toxicity AVAPRO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue AVAPRO as soon as possible [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS AVAPRO is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product. Do not coadminister aliskiren with AVAPRO in patients with diabetes. Hypersensitivity to any component of this product. ( 4 ) Coadministration with aliskiren in patients with diabetes. ( 4 )
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary AVAPRO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death [see Clinical Considerations ] . Most epidemiologic studies examining fetal abnormalities after exposure to antihypertensive use in the first trimester have not distinguished drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system from other antihypertensive agents.
Storage
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C–30°C (59°F–86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Irbesartan used for?▼
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE AVAPRO is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) indicated for: Treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. ( 1.1 ) Treatment of diabetic nephropathy in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, an elevated serum creatinine, and proteinuria. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Hypertension AVAPRO ® is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular (CV) events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarction. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug.
What are the side effects of Irbesartan?▼
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following important adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Hypotension in Volume or Salt-Depleted Patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Impaired Renal Function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: The most common adverse reactions which were more frequent than placebo were hyperkalemia dizziness, orthostatic dizziness, and orthostatic hypotension. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC at 1-800-633-1610 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Can I take Irbesartan during pregnancy?▼
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary AVAPRO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death [see Clinical Considerations ] . Most epidemiologic studies examining fetal abnormalities after exposure to antihypertensive use in the first trimester have not distinguished drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system from other antihypertensive agents.
What are the important warnings for Irbesartan?▼
WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY When pregnancy is detected, discontinue AVAPRO as soon as possible [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypotension: Correct volume or salt depletion prior to administration. ( 5.2 ) Monitor renal function and serum potassium. ( 5.3 ) 5.1 Fetal Toxicity AVAPRO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue AVAPRO as soon as possible [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS AVAPRO is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product. Do not coadminister aliskiren with AVAPRO in patients with diabetes. Hypersensitivity to any component of this product. ( 4 ) Coadministration with aliskiren in patients with diabetes. ( 4 )
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Medical Disclaimer
This drug information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Drug information is sourced from the FDA National Drug Code Directory and Structured Product Labeling. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.