Pentamidine Isethionate
Generic Name: pentamidine isethionate
Brand Names:
Pentamidine Isethionate
DESCRIPTION Pentamidine isethionate for injection, an anti-protozoal agent, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, lyophilized product. After reconstitution, it should be administered by intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) routes (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Pentamidine isethionate is a white crystalline powder soluble in water and glycerin, slightly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in ether, acetone, and chloroform.
Overview
DESCRIPTION Pentamidine isethionate for injection, an anti-protozoal agent, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, lyophilized product. After reconstitution, it should be administered by intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) routes (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Pentamidine isethionate is a white crystalline powder soluble in water and glycerin, slightly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in ether, acetone, and chloroform.
Uses
INDICATIONS AND USAGE Pentamidine isethionate for injection is indicated for the treatment of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii .
Dosage
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION CAUTION: DO NOT USE SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP FOR INITIAL RECONSTITUTION BECAUSE PRECIPITATION WILL OCCUR. Pentamidine isethionate should be administered IM or IV only. The recommended regimen for adults and pediatric patients beyond 4 months of age is 4 mg/kg once a day for 14 to 21 days. Therapy for longer than 21 days with pentamidine isethionate has also been used but may be associated with increased toxicity. Intramuscular Injection The contents of one vial (300 mg) should be dissolved in 3 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP at 22° to 30°C (72° to 86°F). The calculated daily dose should then be withdrawn and administered by deep IM injection.
Side Effects
ADVERSE REACTIONS CAUTION : Fatalities due to severe hypotension, hypoglycemia, acute pancreatitis and cardiac arrhythmias have been reported in patients treated with pentamidine isethionate, both by the IM and IV routes. Nephrotoxic events (increased creatinine, impaired renal function, azotemia, and renal failure) are common with the parenteral administration of pentamidine isethionate. The administration of the drug should, therefore, be limited to the patients in whom Pneumocystis carinii has been demonstrated.
Interactions
Drug Interactions No drug interaction studies with pentamidine isethionate have been conducted. Because the nephrotoxic effects may be additive, the concomitant or sequential use of pentamidine isethionate and other nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, cisplatin, foscarnet, or vancomycin should be closely monitored and avoided, if possible.
Warnings
WARNINGS Fatalities due to severe hypotension, hypoglycemia, acute pancreatitis and cardiac arrhythmias have been reported in patients treated with pentamidine isethionate, both by the IM and IV routes. Severe hypotension may result after a single IM or IV dose and is more likely with rapid IV administration (see PRECAUTIONS ). The administration of the drug should, therefore, be limited to the patients in whom Pneumocystis carinii has been demonstrated. Patients should be closely monitored for the development of serious adverse reactions (see PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS ). Extravasations have been reported which, in some instances, proceeded to ulceration, tissue necrosis and/or sloughing at the injection site. CONTRAINDICATIONS Contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to pentamidine isethionate.
Storage
HOW SUPPLIED NDC No. Product Name 23155-748-41 Pentamidine Isethionate for Injection 300 mg, lyophilized product in single-dose vials, packages of 10. Store dry product at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light. Preservative Free. Discard unused portion.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Pentamidine Isethionate used for?▼
INDICATIONS AND USAGE Pentamidine isethionate for injection is indicated for the treatment of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii .
What are the side effects of Pentamidine Isethionate?▼
ADVERSE REACTIONS CAUTION : Fatalities due to severe hypotension, hypoglycemia, acute pancreatitis and cardiac arrhythmias have been reported in patients treated with pentamidine isethionate, both by the IM and IV routes. Nephrotoxic events (increased creatinine, impaired renal function, azotemia, and renal failure) are common with the parenteral administration of pentamidine isethionate. The administration of the drug should, therefore, be limited to the patients in whom Pneumocystis carinii has been demonstrated.
What are the important warnings for Pentamidine Isethionate?▼
WARNINGS Fatalities due to severe hypotension, hypoglycemia, acute pancreatitis and cardiac arrhythmias have been reported in patients treated with pentamidine isethionate, both by the IM and IV routes. Severe hypotension may result after a single IM or IV dose and is more likely with rapid IV administration (see PRECAUTIONS ). The administration of the drug should, therefore, be limited to the patients in whom Pneumocystis carinii has been demonstrated. Patients should be closely monitored for the development of serious adverse reactions (see PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS ). Extravasations have been reported which, in some instances, proceeded to ulceration, tissue necrosis and/or sloughing at the injection site. CONTRAINDICATIONS Contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to pentamidine isethionate.
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Medical Disclaimer
This drug information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Drug information is sourced from the FDA National Drug Code Directory and Structured Product Labeling. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.