Primaquine Phosphate
Generic Name: primaquine phosphate
Brand Names:
Primaquine Phosphate
DESCRIPTION Primaquine phosphate is 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl) amino]-6-methoxyquinoline phosphate, a synthetic compound with potent antimalarial activity. The molecular formula of Primaquine phosphate is C 15 H 21 N 3 O·2H 3 PO 4 and its molecular weight is 455.34. The structural formula of Primaquine phosphate is: Figure 1: Primaquine phosphate structure. Each Primaquine phosphate tablet contains 26.3 mg of primaquine phosphate (equivalent to 15 mg of primaquine base).
Overview
DESCRIPTION Primaquine phosphate is 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl) amino]-6-methoxyquinoline phosphate, a synthetic compound with potent antimalarial activity. The molecular formula of Primaquine phosphate is C 15 H 21 N 3 O·2H 3 PO 4 and its molecular weight is 455.34. The structural formula of Primaquine phosphate is: Figure 1: Primaquine phosphate structure. Each Primaquine phosphate tablet contains 26.3 mg of primaquine phosphate (equivalent to 15 mg of primaquine base).
Uses
INDICATIONS AND USAGE Primaquine phosphate Tablets are indicated for the radical cure (prevention of relapse) of vivax malaria.
Dosage
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Primaquine phosphate Tablets are recommended only for the radical cure of vivax malaria, the prevention of relapse in vivax malaria, or following the termination of chloroquine phosphate suppressive therapy in an area where vivax malaria is endemic. Patients suffering from an attack of vivax malaria or having parasitized red blood cells should receive a course of chloroquine phosphate, which quickly destroys the erythrocytic parasites and terminates the paroxysm. Primaquine phosphate Tablets should be administered concurrently to eradicate the exoerythrocytic parasites in adults at a dosage of 1 tablet (equivalent to 15 mg base) daily for 14 days. Primaquine phosphate Tablets can be taken with or without food.
Side Effects
ADVERSE REACTIONS Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, abdominal cramps. Hematologic: Leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, decreased hemoglobin, methemoglobinemia. Hemolytic anemia occurs commonly in patients with G6PD deficiency and may be severe or fatal in patients with severe G6PD deficiency (see WARNINGS ). Methemoglobin levels are usually <10%, but methemoglobinemia may be severe in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) methemoglobin reductase deficient individuals or in patients with other risk factors (see PRECAUTIONS ). Leukopenia was observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus (see PRECAUTIONS ). Cardiac: Cardiac arrhythmia and QT interval prolongation (see PRECAUTIONS , OVERDOSAGE ). Nervous System: Dizziness.
Interactions
Drug Interactions Pharmacodynamics Interactions Quinacrine Concurrent use of quinacrine (mepacrine) and Primaquine phosphate Tablets are contraindicated. Increased toxicity was seen when quinacrine was used with pamaquine, another 8-aminoquinoline (see CONTRAINDICATIONS ). Hemolytic Agents and Methemoglobinemia-Inducing Drugs The concurrent administration of hemolytic agents or methemoglobinemia-inducing drugs and primaquine should be avoided (see PRECAUTIONS ). If the concurrent administration cannot be avoided, close blood monitoring is required. QT Interval Prolonging Drugs The pharmacodynamic interaction potential to prolong the QT interval of the electrocardiogram between Primaquine phosphate Tablets and other drugs that effect cardiac conduction is unknown.
Warnings
WARNINGS Hemolytic Anemia Hemolytic reactions (moderate to severe) may occur in individuals with G6PD deficiency and in individuals with a family or personal history of favism. Areas of high prevalence of G6PD deficiency are Africa, Southern Europe, Mediterranean region, Middle East, South-East Asia, and Oceania. People from these regions have a greater tendency to develop hemolytic anemia due to a congenital deficiency of erythrocytic G6PD while receiving primaquine and related drugs. Due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency, G6PD testing must be performed before using primaquine. Before initiating treatment, obtain baseline hemoglobin and hematocrit. In case of severe anemia, postpone the G6PD test and decision on treatment with primaquine until recovery. CONTRAINDICATIONS Known hypersensitivity reactions to primaquine phosphate, other 8-aminoquinolones, or to any component in Primaquine phosphate Tablets. Severe glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (see WARNINGS , Hemolytic Anemia ). Pregnant women (see WARNINGS , Pregnancy ).
Storage
HOW SUPPLIED Primaquine phosphate Tablets USP are solid oral formulation round purple tablet debossed "BY4" available in 26.3 mg (=15 mg base) and 100 count. Available in bottles of 100 tablets. (NDC 76385-102-01) Store at 25° C (77° F); excursions permitted to 15° - 30° C (59° - 86° F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Primaquine Phosphate used for?▼
INDICATIONS AND USAGE Primaquine phosphate Tablets are indicated for the radical cure (prevention of relapse) of vivax malaria.
What are the side effects of Primaquine Phosphate?▼
ADVERSE REACTIONS Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, abdominal cramps. Hematologic: Leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, decreased hemoglobin, methemoglobinemia. Hemolytic anemia occurs commonly in patients with G6PD deficiency and may be severe or fatal in patients with severe G6PD deficiency (see WARNINGS ). Methemoglobin levels are usually <10%, but methemoglobinemia may be severe in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) methemoglobin reductase deficient individuals or in patients with other risk factors (see PRECAUTIONS ). Leukopenia was observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus (see PRECAUTIONS ). Cardiac: Cardiac arrhythmia and QT interval prolongation (see PRECAUTIONS , OVERDOSAGE ). Nervous System: Dizziness.
What are the important warnings for Primaquine Phosphate?▼
WARNINGS Hemolytic Anemia Hemolytic reactions (moderate to severe) may occur in individuals with G6PD deficiency and in individuals with a family or personal history of favism. Areas of high prevalence of G6PD deficiency are Africa, Southern Europe, Mediterranean region, Middle East, South-East Asia, and Oceania. People from these regions have a greater tendency to develop hemolytic anemia due to a congenital deficiency of erythrocytic G6PD while receiving primaquine and related drugs. Due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency, G6PD testing must be performed before using primaquine. Before initiating treatment, obtain baseline hemoglobin and hematocrit. In case of severe anemia, postpone the G6PD test and decision on treatment with primaquine until recovery. CONTRAINDICATIONS Known hypersensitivity reactions to primaquine phosphate, other 8-aminoquinolones, or to any component in Primaquine phosphate Tablets. Severe glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (see WARNINGS , Hemolytic Anemia ). Pregnant women (see WARNINGS , Pregnancy ).
Related Medications
190 Proof Ethyl Alcohol
190 proof ethyl alcohol
Dosage form: LIQUID. Active ingredients: ALCOHOL (100 L/100L). Category: DRUG FOR FURTHER PROCESSING.
Wish Hydrogen Peroxide 3%
wish hydrogen peroxide 3%
PURPOSE First aid antiseptic oral debriding agent
Spa/pool Detox
spa/pool detox
Bisphosphonate [EPC]
*Claims based on traditional homeopathic practice, not accepted medical evidence. Not FDA evaluated.
Medical Disclaimer
This drug information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Drug information is sourced from the FDA National Drug Code Directory and Structured Product Labeling. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.