Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)
Also known as: BMP, Chem 7, Chemistry Panel, SMA-7
The basic metabolic panel is a group of 8 blood tests that measure your blood sugar (glucose), electrolyte and fluid balance, and kidney function. It provides critical information about your body's chemical balance and metabolism.
Purpose
Routine health screening. Monitoring chronic conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or high blood pressure. Checking electrolyte balance, especially in patients taking certain medications (diuretics, ACE inhibitors). Evaluating symptoms like fatigue, confusion, nausea, or breathing problems. Pre-surgical assessment.
Preparation
Fasting for 8–12 hours before the test is typically required (water is usually allowed). Your doctor will tell you whether to take your regular medications before the test. Avoid heavy exercise before the test as it can affect some results.
Procedure
A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm using standard venipuncture technique. The blood is collected in a tube and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The process takes about 5 minutes.
Normal Range
Glucose (fasting): 70–100 mg/dL. BUN (blood urea nitrogen): 7–20 mg/dL. Creatinine: 0.7–1.3 mg/dL (men), 0.6–1.1 mg/dL (women). Sodium: 136–145 mEq/L. Potassium: 3.5–5.0 mEq/L. Chloride: 98–106 mEq/L. CO2 (bicarbonate): 23–29 mEq/L. Calcium: 8.5–10.5 mg/dL.
Abnormal Results
High glucose may indicate diabetes or prediabetes. Abnormal BUN or creatinine levels may suggest kidney disease or dehydration. Electrolyte imbalances (sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2) can indicate dehydration, kidney problems, lung disease, or medication side effects. Abnormal calcium levels may suggest parathyroid disorders, bone disease, or kidney problems.
Risks
Minimal risks similar to any blood draw — slight pain, bruising, or bleeding at the puncture site.
Turnaround Time
Results are typically available within 24 hours.
Estimated Cost
$20–$150 without insurance. Covered by most insurance plans.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) test?▼
The basic metabolic panel is a group of 8 blood tests that measure your blood sugar (glucose), electrolyte and fluid balance, and kidney function. It provides critical information about your body's chemical balance and metabolism.
What is the normal range for a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)?▼
Glucose (fasting): 70–100 mg/dL. BUN (blood urea nitrogen): 7–20 mg/dL. Creatinine: 0.7–1.3 mg/dL (men), 0.6–1.1 mg/dL (women). Sodium: 136–145 mEq/L. Potassium: 3.5–5.0 mEq/L. Chloride: 98–106 mEq/L. CO2 (bicarbonate): 23–29 mEq/L. Calcium: 8.5–10.5 mg/dL.
How do I prepare for a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)?▼
Fasting for 8–12 hours before the test is typically required (water is usually allowed). Your doctor will tell you whether to take your regular medications before the test. Avoid heavy exercise before the test as it can affect some results.
What do abnormal Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) results mean?▼
High glucose may indicate diabetes or prediabetes. Abnormal BUN or creatinine levels may suggest kidney disease or dehydration. Electrolyte imbalances (sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2) can indicate dehydration, kidney problems, lung disease, or medication side effects. Abnormal calcium levels may suggest parathyroid disorders, bone disease, or kidney problems.
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Lipid Panel
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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
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Medical Disclaimer
This lab test information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Lab results should always be interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider who knows your complete medical history. Normal ranges may vary between laboratories.